Radiocarbon Production by Thunderstorms

Convected Charge in Thunderstorms

The charge transport within thunderclouds by the convective motions of the cloud is examined. I n the presencc of the primary positive dipole, shielding charge distributions are formed within thc lower and upper cloud boundaries as the result of ion conduction from the free air and ion capture by droplets and precipitation in peripheral cloud layers. Cloud droplets positivcly charged by the con...

Thunderstorms Don’t Get Butterflies

One important limitation on the accuracy of weather forecasts is imposed by unavoidable errors in the specification of the atmosphere’s initial state. Much theoretical concern has been focused on the limits to predictability imposed by small-scale errors, potentially even those on the scale of a butterfly. Very modest errors at much larger scales may nevertheless pose a more important practical...

Whistler intensities above thunderstorms

We report a study of penetration of the VLF electromagnetic waves induced by lightning to the ionosphere. We compare the fractional hop whistlers recorded by the ICE experiment onboard the DEMETER satellite with lightning detected by the EUCLID detection network. To identify the fractional hop whistlers, we have developed software for automatic detection of the fractional-hop whistlers in the V...

Radiocarbon Dating.

Sudden increases in the NO2 column caused by thunderstorms

Sudden increases in the NO2 column caused by thunderstorms: a case study in the northern subtropical region M. Gil, M. Yela, E. Cuevas, and V. Carreño Area de Investigación e Instrumentación Atmosférica, INTA, Torrejón de Ardóz, 28850, Spain Observatorio Atmosférico de Izaña, INM. La Marina 20, 38071 Sta. Cruz de Tenerife, Spain Received: 12 January 2004 – Accepted: 19 March 2004 – Published: 4...